Sr.
# |
Title
of Study |
Problem
Identified |
Departmental
Recommendations |
Adaptive
Research Recommendations/Solutions |
WHEAT
CROP |
| 1 |
Evaluation
of the effect of different secondary tillage implements on Wheat
(Sheikhupura Vehari & Gujranwala |
Non-adoption
of appropriate secondary tillage implements by farmers |
Bed
preparation with primary and secondary tillage implements |
A
three year study have been carried out at Sheikhupura and Gujranwala,
to compare the effect of different secondary tillage implements
like Rotavator, Disc Harrow and Cultivator ( farmers practice
) on wheat yield. The results revealed that the use of Disc
Harrow(2 times) followed by cultivator(2 times) have shown the
best yields of 3467 and 3824 kg/ha with an increase in yield
by 11 and 14% as compared to farmers practice (Cultivator 4
times ) which have given yield of 3118 and 3352 kg/ha respectively.
In Vehari disc harrow + cultivators is most suitable as compared
the rotavativor + cultivators. |
| 2 |
Demonstration
and Evaluation of effect of breaking hard pan and its effect
on the yield of wheat (Sheikhupura) |
Non-realization
of the effect of hard pan breaking in increasing wheat yield
by the farmers |
Chisel
plow |
At
ARF sheikhpura use of chisel plow M.BPlow and para plow gave
the highest yield and shown the increase of 30.39%/20.31 and
29.34% more over control. (Cultivator) |
| 3 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of the effect of seed rate on sowing time of
wheat crop (Gujranwala) |
Unawareness
of farmers about suitable seed rate at different dates. |
Seed
rate 125 kg/ha for sowing time 15th November to 30th December. |
The
highest yield (3700 kg/ha) was obtained with 125 kg/ha followed
by 150 and 175 kg/ha seed rate (3166 and 2496 kg/ha) used on
20th November. However, on 5th and 20th December, 150 kg/ha
seed gave higher yields (3000 and 2150 kg/ha) as compared to
125 (2150 and 1750 kg/ha) and 175 kg/ha seed (2283 and 1933
kg/ha). Hence 125 kg/ha seed rate during November and 150 kg/ha
for sowing in December, is recommended. |
| 4 |
Evaluation
of the effect of various drilling spaces on wheat yield (Gujranwala) |
Wheat sowing by broadcasting |
Line
sowing |
Three
years trials have been conducted to study the effect of line
spacing on the yield of wheat crop, where line spacing of 15(6),
23(9), 30(12), 38(15) and 45(18) cm (inches) were tested. The
data revealed that the drilling in 15(6) and 23(9) cm (inches)
line spacing have shown the same trend of highest yield of wheat
i.e. 4250 kg/ha and 4207kg/ha respectively. The trials data
further depict that with the increase in line spacing the yield
reduces considerably, as it has shown 3801Kg/ha at 45(18) cm(inches)
spacing |
| 5 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of time of NPK application to wheat crop under
local conditions (Sheikhupura & Gujranwala.) |
Lack
of awareness about the time of application of fertilizer to
wheat crop by the farmers. |
Application
of full P&K and ½ N as basal dose and ½ N
with first irrigation.. |
In
Sheikhupura maximum yield was obtained by the application of
full P&K and ½ N at sowing time. ¼ N with
Ist irrigation and ¼ at 2nd irrigation which increased
the 14% wheat yield against the departmental recommendations
use of 114-84-62 NPK kg/ha increase yield 17%. The highest yield
(4019kg/ha) was obtained when full PK and ½ N was applied
at sowing and ½ N with Ist irrigation at Gujranwala. |
| 6 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of different sources of N&P for wheat crop
under local conditions (Sheikhupura) |
Unawareness
of different sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorous fertilizer
by the farmers. |
DAP
and Urea. |
Ammonium
Nitrate and DAP for wheat crop as compared to departmental recommendation
(DAP+Urea). It yielded 15.20% more yield over departmental recommendation
in Sheikhupura. |
| 7 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of effect of Potash application to wheat crop
after rice (Sheikhupura Gujranwala & D.G.Khan) |
Lack
of awareness of farmers about potash application to wheat sown
after rice |
62
kg/ K/ha is recommended. |
In
D.G.Khan application of K@93 kg/ha with 114-84 N and P kg/ha
yielded 45.48% more over check. In Sheikhupura the use of 124kg
/ha K along with 128-114 NP kg/ha gave the highest yield of
12% more against the recommended dose (62kg/ha of potash) in
Gujranwala application of potash @ 62 kg/ha increases the yield
from 2714 kg/ha (control plots) to 3208 kg/ha . Application
of K at higher doses did not gave significant increase in yield.
Hence K fertilizer @ 62kg/ha is recommended for wheat crop. |
| 8 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of the impact of Gypsum application to wheat
crop (Karor & Sargodha) |
Poor
efficiency of plant food nutrients in problem soils. |
Application
of Gypsum to wheat crop to improve the soil condition and enhance
the efficiency of other inputs. |
In
Karor application of Gypsum @ 45 bags/ha increased 15% wheat
yield. In Sargodha, the use of 45 bags/ha of Gypsum in the presence
of NPK @ 128-114-62 kg/ha and 90-85-62kg/ha recorded the highest
yield i.e. 3890 kg/ha and 3621kg/ha with an increase of 31.40%
and 22.31% respectively against the treatment where no Gypsum
was applied (2960 kg/ha). |
| 9 |
Evaluation
of effect of Ist. Irrigation on the yield of wheat sown after
rice (Gujranwala) |
Non
realization of the impact of time of Ist. Irrigation to wheat
crop. |
Application
of Ist. Irrigation after 12-18 days of germination. |
Four
years results of trials have shown that Ist. Irrigation after
35 days of germination gave the highest yield (3273 kg/ha).
The yield obtained when irrigated at 45,55 and65 days after
germination was 2749, 2649 and 2645 kg/ha, respectively. It
is depicted from results that the yield decreased if irrigation
was delayed after 35 days. |
| 10 |
Evaluation
of the effect of Mechanical Weeding on Wheat yield .(Gujranwala) |
High
weed infestation and expensive manual weeding |
Chemical
weed control |
A
three years study have been carried out where Mechanical, Manual
and chemical weeding procedures were tested under Broadcast
and Drill sowing methods to evaluate the effect of Mechanical
weeding on wheat yield. In Broadcast method, Chemical and Manual
weeding proved the best with yield of 1800 kg/ha and 1867 kg/ha,
with increase in yield to 19 and 15% respectively over control
(1567 kg/ha). Whereas Mechanical weeding is not recommended
in Broadcast method because of its low yield (1583 kg/ha) .
Under drilling method of sowing Manual and chemical weeding
have shown the best with 2302 kg/ha and 2410kg/ha with increase
in yield to 33% and 39% against the control (1725 kg/ha). Further
under drilling method, mechanical weeding has also shown good
results (2229kg/ha) with an increase of 29% in yield against
the control. .
It thus concludes that Mechanical weeding being least harmful
to soils and environment, most economical as compared to Manual
and Chemical weeding has an edge. |
| 11 |
Evaluation
of effectiveness of bar harrow in wheat sown by broadcast (Gujranwala) |
Reluctance
of farmers about the use of bar harrow for weed control in wheat. |
Use
of bar harrow after Ist Irrigation. |
The
highest yield (3116 kg/ha) was obtained by manual weeding followed
by chemical weeding (2884 kg/ha) and bar harrow (2513 kg/ha).
The increase in yield was 42.9, 32.2 and 15.2% by manual, chemical
and bar harrow, respectively over the control (2181 kg/ha).
However, the CBR was higher for chemical control. Hence it is
an economical method of weed control. |
| 12 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of application method and time for weedicides
of Wheat crop. (Gujranwala) |
Application
of weedicide is delayed in rice area due to delay in Ist irrigation
which results in less effective control |
Application
of weedicide after Ist irrigation. |
The
results for 1999, 2000 and 2001 have shown that the highest
yield (3432 kg/ha) was obtained when Tolkan was applied by mixing
with Urea and broadcasted before Ist irrigation. Tolkan mixed
with sand and broadcasted also gave similar yield. (3554 kg/ha).
However affinity was more effective when spray as compared to
mixing in Urea or sand. Hence, Tolkan (Isoproturon)mixed with
Urea or sand and broadcast before Ist irrigation is very economical
and efficient for weed control. In vehari Dicuran-MA @ 2.5 kg/ha
was the most effective weedicides against wheat weeds when sprayed
after first irrigation in Tar wattar. It gave 35% higher yield
than the check (no weedicides) followed by Tribunil, Arelon,
Dosanex , that gave 30%, 25% and 21% higher yield over check.
It was further concluded that spray is better than broadcasting. |
| 13 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of the impact of growth period of weed on the
yield of wheat crop .(Sargodha) |
Infestation
of weeds in wheat crop. |
Application
of weedicides after Ist irrigation. |
The
highest yield (3650 kg/ha) was obtained in the condition where
crop infested with weeds for first 30 days and free from weeds
up to harvesting which is 79.83% higher than the treatment
where crop infested with weeds from sowing upto harvesting
which yield 2030 kg/ha. The yield decreased gradually with
the increasing of infestation period of wheat crop with weed
i.e. the crop infested with weed from first 40 days, 50 days,
60 days, 70 days and 80 days wherein 2980kg/ha and 2800kg/ha
and 2760 kg/ha 2700 kg/ha and 2630 kg/ha yield obtained respectively
which are 46.835%, 37.974%, 3.008% and 29.552% higher than
the control, respectively |
RICE
CROP |
| 1 |
Evaluation
of the effect of soil inversion tillage on Rice yield (Sheikhupura
and Gujranwala) |
Non-
adoption of deep tillage practices by farmers |
Use
of cultivator |
Five
years studies at. A.R.Farms revealed that use of M.B.Plow
coupled with cultivator (2) followed by planking gave 12.66%
higher yield gave than puddling with conventional tillage
implements i.e. cultivator (2) followed by planking |
| 2 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of the effect of seed rate per marla of paddy
nursery on the yield of rice crop (Gujranwala) |
Non
adoption of proper seed rate for growing nursery by farmers |
1/2kg.
Seed per marla |
The
highest yield of rice crop in B-385 (3437 kg/ha) was obtained
when the nursery was sown with ½ kg seed per marla .
The yield of the crop decreased when higher seed rate was used
3333, 3053 and 3047 kg/ha for 1,1.5 and 2 kg/marla for the treatments
respectively. |
| 3 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of effect of the age of rice nursery on the yield
of rice crop(Gujranwala) |
The
farmers are not aware of the impact of age of nursery on the
yield of rice. |
30
to 40 day old nursery is recommended. |
The
impact of age (25,30,35,40,45,50 days old) of nursery on the
yield of rice crop was evaluated. The results showed that 30
& 35 days old nursery gave almost similar yield ( 4161&4150
kg/ha respectively) as age of nursery increased i.e. 40,45&50days,
the yield decreased to 3784,3325& 2998 kg/ha respectively.
The age of nursery rather had a significant effect on tillering
capacity of plants. 30 & 35 days old nursery gave 15.66
& 16.33 tillers respectively. Where as tillering of plants
decrease from 14.0 to 8.66 when age of nursery increased from
40 to 50 days. Hence the optimum age of nursery for getting
maximum yield is 30 to 35 days. |
| 4 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of different planting densities and planting
dates on rice production (Gujranwala) |
Low
plant population |
197000
hills/ha |
In
three years results planting densities, 148200, 197600 and 247000
hills/ha, gave 3422, 4211, and 3785 kg/ha yield, respectively
when transplanted on 15th July. The same densities transplanted
on Ist July gave 3074, 4183 and 3515 kg/ha respectively. The
lower yields were obtained for transplanting on 16th June and
31st July. Hence, 197600 hills/ha gave higher yields and first
July to 15th July was optimum transplanting time. |
| 5 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of the effect of time of fertilizer application
on rice production(B-385) (Sheikhupura, Sargodha) |
Improper
and untimely application of fertilizer to rice crop by the farmers |
Use
of full PK and ½ N before transplanting and ½
at 35 DAT. |
The
highest yield was obtained when all P&K and ½ N was
applied as basal dose while the remaining ½ N was split
up into two installments and applied after 25 and,50 DAT. The
increase over departmental recommendation was 27.57% and 4.64%
in Sheikhupura and Sargodha respectively |
| 6 |
Evaluation
of the effect of application timing of Phosphatic fertilizer
on rice production (G/wala) |
Non
application of phosphatic fertilizer at the time of transplanting
of rice. |
Application
of Phosphorous before transplanting |
The
highest yield 4465 kg/ha was obtained when P was applied at
Puddling followed by the treatment in which P was applied at
15 DAT (4293 kg/ha). Hence application of phoshatic fertilizer
@ 84 kg/ha is recommended at the time of puddling in Gujranwala |
| 7 |
.Demonstration
and evaluation of the effect of different doses of K fertilizer
application on the yield of rice variety Supper Basmati (Sargodha
and G/wala) |
Non
realization of the impact about the use of K in rice crop. |
Use
of 80 kg/ha |
In
Sargodha the highest yield of variety super Basmati was obtained
as 4012 kg/ha where K @ 120 kg/ha (with 136-80 NP kg/ha constant)
was used, which was 16.24% more than departmental recommendation
where K @ 62 kg/ha was used having yield 3450 kg/ha. Where as
the treatment K @ 100/kg/ha was used, the yield was 3600 kg/ha
which was 4.64% more than departmental recommendation while
in Gujranwala the highest yield (3812 kg/ha) was obtained with
100kg/ha of K followed by 80kg/ha of K (3683 kg/ha) and application
of K @ of 62 kg/ha (3146 kg/ha . ) However the highest CBR (1:4.19)
was obtained with K at the rate of 80 kg/ha followed by CBR
(1:4.16) with 100 kg/ha of K. In Gujranwala application of Potash
@ 80 kg/ha is recommended. |
| 8 |
Demonstration
and evaluation of effect of time of application of ZnSo4 on
the production of rice crop.(Gujranwala and Sheikhupura) |
Application
of ZnSo4 at improper time which causes low yield |
Application
of ZnSo4 during puddling or 10-15 DAT |
The
highest yield(4355 kg/ha) was obtained when ZnSo4 was applied@
5kg/ha(35%) during puddling, followed by 4263 kg/ha when it
was applied at 10 DAT. These yields were 11.86% and 9.5% higher
respectively as compared to the check (3893 kg/ha). The application
of Zinc at the time of puddling gave the highest yield..In SheikhupuraThe
highest yield was obtained by applying ZnSo4 at10 DAT. This
is in accordance with departmental recommendation and when we
compare the yield with no znso4 application as it is in farmers
practice the increase was 25.70% |
