Punjab Agriculture Department

Achievements

Insecticide Screening

One thousand ninety nine (1099) insecticides different groups and formulations were tested for their efficacy, doses, time of application against different insect pests of various crops, fruits and vegetables.

Varietal Screening Against Major Insect Pests

Use of resistant cultivars of different crops, fruit, vegetables and ornamental plants in one of the most important components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Thee thousand Eight hundred thirty five (3835) cultivars of different crops, fruits vegetables and ornamental plants were screened in the field for finding out insect pests resistant cultivars to minimize the use of pesticides and its ill effects.

Screening of Cotton Cultivars

Three thousand eight hundred ninety six (3896) cultivars of cotton were screened in the field at Cotton Research Station, Vehari against CLCV vector (Bemisia tabaci) and CLCV incidence.

Whitefly population/leaf	No. of entries	CLCV Incidence (%)	No. of entries
0.0 – 2.0	336	00 – 00	103
2.1 – 4.0	1182	1 – 10	235
4.1 – 6.0	1020	11 – 20	590
6.1 – 8.0	676	21 – 30	591
8.1 & above	782	31 – 40	498

In glass house studies out of 108 cotton genotypes tested against whitefly, 14 were found having less than 2 per leaf whitefly and 15 entries were found free from CLCV incidence. However, none of the cultivar was found completely resistant whitefly and CLCV.

Whitefly population/leaf	No. of entries	CLCV Incidence (%)	No. of entries
0.0 – 2.0	14	00 – 00	15
2.1 – 4.0	48	1.1 - 6	31
4.1 – 6.0	33	6.1 – 10	25
6.1 – 8.0	12	10.1 – 15	11
8.1 – 10.0	01	15.1 - 20	05
10.1 – 12.0	00	20.1 – 25	11
12.1 – 14.0	00	25.1 – 30	10
14.1 – 16.0	00	30.1 – 35	00
16.1 & above	00	35.1 – 40	00
Total	108	Total	108

Bio-Control

Trichogramma cards having 400-500 eggs each, applied @ 16 cards/acre reduced internodes damage of top, stem and root bores in sugarcane crop @ 7.6, 49.3 & 50.7% respectively at farmer’s field. Trichogramma release on “Brinjal” against “Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer” showed 55.41% reduction in fruit losses

Population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera
Population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera was studies through pheromone traps installed at Multan, Faisalabad and Bahawalpur. Maximum moths were recorded at river site followed by vegetable site and inv normal cotton fields

Insecticide Resistance

Resistance of twenty two (22) insecticides was worked out in different insects i.e., Helicoverpa armigera (9), Spodoptera littoralis (9) and Bemisia tabaci (4) in the lab. by collecting insect samples from the fields of Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur.

Resistance level in Helicoverpa armigera to insecticides

S#	Insecticides	Common Name	Resistance Level
1	Curacron 50% EC	Profenofos	Low to moderate
2	Proclaim 1.9% EC	Emamectin benzoate	Very Low
3	Karate 2.5%EC	Lambda cyhalothrin	Moderate to High
4	Lorsban 40%EC	Chlorpyrifos	Very Low
5	Talstar 10%Ec	Bifenthrin	Moderate
6	Thiodan 35%EC	Endosufan	Moderate to high
7	Match 5%EC	Lufenuron	Very Low
8	Decis 2.5%EC	Deltamethrin	*
9	Larvin 80%DF	Thiodicarb	Low

Resistance level in Spodoptera littoralis to insecticides
S#	Insecticides	Common Name	Resistance Level
	Curacron 50% EC	Profenofos	Low
	Larvin 80%DF	Thiodicarb	Low
	Proclaim 1.9% EC	Emamectin benzoate	Very Low
	Match 5%EC	Lufenuron	Low to moderate
	Thiodan 35%EC	Endosufan	Moderate to high
	Decis 2.5%EC	Deltamethrin	Very low
	Arrivo 10%EC	Cypermethrin	Very low to low
	Lorsban 40%EC	Chlorpyrifos	Low
	Nvron	Mineral Oil	*

Resistance level in Bemisia tabaci to insecticides
S#	Insecticides	Resistance Factor	Resistance Level
1	Imidacloprid	1.0-2.09	Very Low
2	Endosulfan	1.0-3.6	Very Low
3	Acetamiprid	1.0-9.54	Very Low
4	Diafenthiuron	1.0-2.0	Very Low

Chemical Control of Cotton Mealy Bug

Attack of Cotton Mealy Bug, Phenacoccus spp. was first time observed on cotton crop durig 2005 at Vehari. To meet the crises. efficacy of seventy one (71) insecticides/chemicals were tested, so for in the field. Amongst them seven insecticides viz., Imidacloprid 20 % SL, Carbosulfan 20% EC, Carboryle 80% SP, Profenofos 50% EC, Methomyl 40% SP and Methidathion 40% EC were comparatively more effective for recommendation to the farmers.

American Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) Management

The control strategy developed on the basis of the knowledge generated by the institute greatly proved helpful in decreasing the hot spots of American Bollworm from 30% to 0.35%.

CLCV Management

Role of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) as a vector of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease was confirmed in glass house studies. The completely changed the direction of research activities of the researchers engaged in finding out the solution of CLCV disease problem.

Wheat aphid Management

Strategy for the effective management of wheat aphid was developed by intercropping few lines of brassica in wheat fields. The natural enemies, developed on brassica aphid, migrate to the wheat aphids and control it successfully with out any use of pesticides and additional expenditure.